Hypnotherapy is therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.
Whilst being in hypnosis has no specific therapeutic benefit, apart from the concomitant relaxation, a hypnotized subject displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject: for example, suggestions given to hypnotized subjects are far more effective.
The objective is to utilize a subject's "trance state" to facilitate the activation of their personal resources. In trance, some functions, like involuntary nerve actions, can become accessible' e;g,, anaesthesia and vasoconstriction/vasodilatation.
Hypnotherapy is often applied in order to modify a subject's behaviour, emotional content and attitudes, as well as a wide range of conditions obesity, substance abuse, pain, ego, anxiety, stress, amnesia, phobias, and matters of performance. It may also be used to assist with functional disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Whilst being in hypnosis has no specific therapeutic benefit, apart from the concomitant relaxation, a hypnotized subject displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject: for example, suggestions given to hypnotized subjects are far more effective.
The objective is to utilize a subject's "trance state" to facilitate the activation of their personal resources. In trance, some functions, like involuntary nerve actions, can become accessible' e;g,, anaesthesia and vasoconstriction/vasodilatation.
Hypnotherapy is often applied in order to modify a subject's behaviour, emotional content and attitudes, as well as a wide range of conditions obesity, substance abuse, pain, ego, anxiety, stress, amnesia, phobias, and matters of performance. It may also be used to assist with functional disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
History
The roots of medicine by therapy lie in ancient societies even earlier than the Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Indians. Religious rituals were characterized by dancing, music, and masked peoples assuming new identities.
In the nineteenth century, healers like Abbe Faria and practitioners like Franz Anton Mesmer, Scottish neurosurgeon James Braid, James Esdaile, John Elliotson,Boris Sidis Ambroise-Auguste Liébault, Emile Coué, Jean-Martin Charcot and more recently Andrew Salter with his conditioned reflex therapy, began experimenting with the principles of what we now understand as hypnosis.
Mesmer's research into the prevalent ailment of 'hysteria' led to the theory of animal magnetism. This is comparable to modern-day stress, or in hysteria's most extreme examples, appears to bear similarity to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A contemporary of Mesmer had claimed to have discovered a physical force in all living things (people, trees, plants and animals) through which humans would reach the hysteria state instantly on contact with a specially "magnetised" tree or bush. Following an elaborate ceremony 'magnetising' trees, sufferers of hysteria would touch the tree and experience something akin to a fit, after which the hysteria would usually not recur.
Mesmer staged an animal magnetism without having 'magnetised' the trees to illustrate that the ceremony was a sham. However, all of the volunteers for Mesmer's event had the same effect from the non-prepared trees. That is, the very suggestion of animal magnetism being at work was enough to create the bodily response.
Mesmer then wrote various theses on this previously unheard-of psychological effect, later termed [Mesmerism] as shorthand for the effect. In common parlance, we have since retermed this the Placebo Effect.
James Braid was next to develop modern hypnosis a step further. In his scientific studies of brain workings, he became driven to understand the nature and logistics of sleep, and specifically dreaming, in the brain. In his writings and studies later published on these findings, Braid referred to the Greek god of sleep, Hypnos. As such, the new branch of learning became known as "neur-hypnology".
Sigmund Freud originally employed something similar to hypnosis with his own hysteria clients, upper-class Viennese women. Presumably not all Freud's clients found this effective, as he later abandoned the procedure in favour of his newly-developed free association technique. This is often viewed as the beginning of modern [psychotherapy], in that the patient would be asked ongoing questions to 'keep them talking' from which Freud would then deduce an explanation and treatment based on his own theories and frameworks. During such procedures, various props were used to allude to the patient's own psychology and preferences, including inkspots of undetermined shape Rorschach test (pronounced 'raw-shock') and lucid dreaming similar to waking hypnotherapy of the modern day.
Although he showed a preference for his own home-made procedures, the principles of conscious, unconscious, dream utilisation and refinement of attention are ongoing themes throughout the majority of his work. They also predate what we nowadays refer to as hypnotherapy, although the chasm between the schools of psychotherapy and hypnotherapy has deepened as these elements of Freud's format are left aside in favour of a more counselling-based approach.
Milton H. Erickson, M.D. is considered one of the most successful modern hypnotherapists. He has written many books, journals and articles on the subject, and his accomplishments are well-documented.
During the 1970s, Erickson saw unprecedented success treating his medical patients with hypnotic procedures. He was responsible for an entirely new branch of hypnotherapy, which we now call Ericksonian hypnotherapy, characterised by, amongst other things, indirect suggestion, confusion techniques, double binds, &c.
The phenomenal effectiveness of Erickson's techniques has since led to the development of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), which has in turn found use in modern-day sales, advertising, political discourse and entertainment (mentalism, of the kind popularised by Derren Brown amongst others.).
Techniques
Age Regression - by returning to an earlier ego-state the patient can regain qualities they once had, but have lost. Remembering an earlier, healthier, ego-state can increase the patients' strength and confidence.
Revivification - remembering past experiences can contribute to therapy. For example; the hypnotist may ask "have you ever been in trance?" and then find it easier to revive the previous experience than attempt inducing a new state.
Guided Imagery - a method by which the subject is given a new relaxing and beneficial experience.
Parts Therapy - a method pioneered by Charles Tebbetts to identify conflicting parts that are damaging the well being of clients, then helps those parts negotiate with each other through the therapist to bring about a resolution.
Confusion - a method developed by Milton Erickson in which the subject becomes receptive to ideas because confused.
Repetition - the more an idea is repeated the more likely it is to be accepted and acted upon by the patient.
Direct Suggestion - suggesting directly. "You feel safe and secure".
Indirect Suggestion - using "interspersal" technique and other means to cause effect.
Mental State - people are more receptive while relaxed, sleeping, or in a trance.
Hypnoanalysis - the client recalls moments from his past, confronting them and releasing associated emotions, similar to psychoanalysis.
Post-hypnotic Suggestion - a suggestion that will be carried out after the trance has ended. "When you re-awaken you will feel refreshed and happy!!"
Visualization - being told to imagine or visualize a desired outcome seems to make it more likely to actually occur.
The roots of medicine by therapy lie in ancient societies even earlier than the Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Indians. Religious rituals were characterized by dancing, music, and masked peoples assuming new identities.
In the nineteenth century, healers like Abbe Faria and practitioners like Franz Anton Mesmer, Scottish neurosurgeon James Braid, James Esdaile, John Elliotson,Boris Sidis Ambroise-Auguste Liébault, Emile Coué, Jean-Martin Charcot and more recently Andrew Salter with his conditioned reflex therapy, began experimenting with the principles of what we now understand as hypnosis.
Mesmer's research into the prevalent ailment of 'hysteria' led to the theory of animal magnetism. This is comparable to modern-day stress, or in hysteria's most extreme examples, appears to bear similarity to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A contemporary of Mesmer had claimed to have discovered a physical force in all living things (people, trees, plants and animals) through which humans would reach the hysteria state instantly on contact with a specially "magnetised" tree or bush. Following an elaborate ceremony 'magnetising' trees, sufferers of hysteria would touch the tree and experience something akin to a fit, after which the hysteria would usually not recur.
Mesmer staged an animal magnetism without having 'magnetised' the trees to illustrate that the ceremony was a sham. However, all of the volunteers for Mesmer's event had the same effect from the non-prepared trees. That is, the very suggestion of animal magnetism being at work was enough to create the bodily response.
Mesmer then wrote various theses on this previously unheard-of psychological effect, later termed [Mesmerism] as shorthand for the effect. In common parlance, we have since retermed this the Placebo Effect.
James Braid was next to develop modern hypnosis a step further. In his scientific studies of brain workings, he became driven to understand the nature and logistics of sleep, and specifically dreaming, in the brain. In his writings and studies later published on these findings, Braid referred to the Greek god of sleep, Hypnos. As such, the new branch of learning became known as "neur-hypnology".
Sigmund Freud originally employed something similar to hypnosis with his own hysteria clients, upper-class Viennese women. Presumably not all Freud's clients found this effective, as he later abandoned the procedure in favour of his newly-developed free association technique. This is often viewed as the beginning of modern [psychotherapy], in that the patient would be asked ongoing questions to 'keep them talking' from which Freud would then deduce an explanation and treatment based on his own theories and frameworks. During such procedures, various props were used to allude to the patient's own psychology and preferences, including inkspots of undetermined shape Rorschach test (pronounced 'raw-shock') and lucid dreaming similar to waking hypnotherapy of the modern day.
Although he showed a preference for his own home-made procedures, the principles of conscious, unconscious, dream utilisation and refinement of attention are ongoing themes throughout the majority of his work. They also predate what we nowadays refer to as hypnotherapy, although the chasm between the schools of psychotherapy and hypnotherapy has deepened as these elements of Freud's format are left aside in favour of a more counselling-based approach.
Milton H. Erickson, M.D. is considered one of the most successful modern hypnotherapists. He has written many books, journals and articles on the subject, and his accomplishments are well-documented.
During the 1970s, Erickson saw unprecedented success treating his medical patients with hypnotic procedures. He was responsible for an entirely new branch of hypnotherapy, which we now call Ericksonian hypnotherapy, characterised by, amongst other things, indirect suggestion, confusion techniques, double binds, &c.
The phenomenal effectiveness of Erickson's techniques has since led to the development of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), which has in turn found use in modern-day sales, advertising, political discourse and entertainment (mentalism, of the kind popularised by Derren Brown amongst others.).
Techniques
Age Regression - by returning to an earlier ego-state the patient can regain qualities they once had, but have lost. Remembering an earlier, healthier, ego-state can increase the patients' strength and confidence.
Revivification - remembering past experiences can contribute to therapy. For example; the hypnotist may ask "have you ever been in trance?" and then find it easier to revive the previous experience than attempt inducing a new state.
Guided Imagery - a method by which the subject is given a new relaxing and beneficial experience.
Parts Therapy - a method pioneered by Charles Tebbetts to identify conflicting parts that are damaging the well being of clients, then helps those parts negotiate with each other through the therapist to bring about a resolution.
Confusion - a method developed by Milton Erickson in which the subject becomes receptive to ideas because confused.
Repetition - the more an idea is repeated the more likely it is to be accepted and acted upon by the patient.
Direct Suggestion - suggesting directly. "You feel safe and secure".
Indirect Suggestion - using "interspersal" technique and other means to cause effect.
Mental State - people are more receptive while relaxed, sleeping, or in a trance.
Hypnoanalysis - the client recalls moments from his past, confronting them and releasing associated emotions, similar to psychoanalysis.
Post-hypnotic Suggestion - a suggestion that will be carried out after the trance has ended. "When you re-awaken you will feel refreshed and happy!!"
Visualization - being told to imagine or visualize a desired outcome seems to make it more likely to actually occur.
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